Websites World Health Organization external icon U. Final report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health pdf icon external icon. Hillemeier, M. Department of Health and Human Services: Atlanta. Atlanta: U. Hofrichter, R. Raphael, D. Social determinants of health: Canadian perspectives. Marmot, M. Wilkinson, Social determinants of health. Braveman, P. Journal of health, population, and nutrition, Final report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health.
Department of Health and Human Services. They also are less likely to have access to sidewalks, parks or playgrounds, recreation centers, or a library. A growing number of initiatives are emerging to address social determinants of health. Some of these initiatives seek to increase the focus on health in non-health sectors, while others focus on having the health care system address broader social and environmental factors that influence health.
Policies and practices in non-health sectors have impacts on health and health equity. For example, the availability and accessibility of public transportation affects access to employment, affordable healthy foods, health care, and other important drivers of health and wellness.
Nutrition programs and policies can also promote health, for example, by supporting healthier corner stores in low-income communities, 7 farm to school programs 8 and community and school gardens, and through broader efforts to support the production and consumption of healthy foods. It engages diverse partners and stakeholders to work together to promote health, equity, and sustainability, and simultaneously advance other goals such as promoting job creation and economic stability, transportation access and mobility, a strong agricultural system, and improved educational attainment.
States and localities are utilizing the Health in All Policies approach through task forces and workgroups focused on bringing together leaders across agencies and the community to collaborate and prioritize a focus on health and health equity. Place-based initiatives focus on implementing cross-sector strategies to improve health in neighborhoods or communities with poor health outcomes. HCZ seeks to improve the educational, economic, and health outcomes of the community through a broad range of family-based, social service, and health programs.
These include multi-payer federal and state initiatives, Medicaid initiatives led by states or by health plans, as well as provider-level activities focused on identifying and addressing the non-medical, social needs of their patients. The model provides funding to test whether systematically identifying and addressing the health-related social needs of Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries through screening, referral, and community navigation services will affect health costs and reduce inpatient and outpatient utilization.
In , CMMI awarded 32 grants to organizations to participate in the model over a five-year period. Twelve awardees will provide navigation services to assist high-risk beneficiaries with accessing community services and 20 awardees will encourage partner alignment to ensure that community services are available and responsive to the needs of enrollees.
Through the CMMI State Innovation Models Initiative SIM , a number of states are engaged in multi-payer delivery and payment reforms that include a focus on population health and recognize the role of social determinants. SIM is a CMMI initiative that provides financial and technical support to states for the development and testing of state-led, multi-payer health care payment and service delivery models that aim to improve health system performance, increase quality of care, and decrease costs.
As part of the second round of SIM grant awards, states are required to develop a statewide plan to improve population health. Among white Americans, this rate was 5.
There are many ways to help improve public access to quality healthcare. For example, clinics could offer remote appointments where possible. The Healthy People campaign has several objectives in place to improve healthcare access.
For example, it aims to:. Learn more about health equity here. Economic stability is vital to affording lifestyle choices and paying for quality medical care that keeps people healthy. A well-paying, steady job is critical for food security and housing stability. Savings are essential for managing chronic conditions or emergencies. However, 1 in 10 people in the U. Those in steady work may not earn enough to gain access to good quality healthcare.
Moreover, chronic conditions or disabilities may put people at an even greater disadvantage. Many studies have shown wide gaps in health outcomes between countries and communities that have different social determinants of health.
People living in high income countries have a life expectancy that is 19 years higher than that of people living in low income countries. The Healthy People campaign is organizing programs to increase funding for many institutions, including:. Learn more about health insurance here. Data from the U. Whether a child or adolescent can access quality education throughout their development can determine their future living conditions. Early childhood education is essential for social and mental development, and good quality high school education can open new doors to further education and employment opportunities.
Neighborhood and Built Environment. Social and Community Context. Download SDOH graphic Suggested citation Healthy People , U. Examples of SDOH include: Safe housing, transportation, and neighborhoods Racism, discrimination, and violence Education, job opportunities, and income Access to nutritious foods and physical activity opportunities Polluted air and water Language and literacy skills SDOH also contribute to wide health disparities and inequities.
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