In Scene I, what does the Sentry bravely suggest might be causing the king so much distress? He has not come to the throne by force or in any unjust manner. The kingdom has been placed in his hands fairly. What is the main idea of Ode 1? This will always conquer every man. How does Antigone react when she is caught by the sentries? She does not resist anything. She calmly submits to arrest and cooperates without fight.
She knows she is a mortal and will die anyways. She knows she is a mortal and is gong to die anyway. She feels it would be better to go now and having done the right thing than live later and suffer the consequences for ignoring the duty to her brother and the gods.
She also notes that she is surrounded by wickedness, so death will not be unwelcome. He blames her for foolishly breaking the law, but she believes he is foolish for disobeying the gods-that is the ultimate foolishness, and the wrath of the gods is powerful and inescapable.
She is proud of breaking the law and brags about it. Why do you think that Creon also arrests Ismene, even though she was not caught at the scene? She points out that he would be punishing his son by taking his love away from him. Creon is unconcemed; he says there are plenty of other women available and his son can replace Antigone with a less wicked woman. What can we assume about the status of women in this Greek culture?
She also sees women as weak and submissive to men. This points to the fact that women were not highly respected and considered inferior in this culture. What do the last three lines of Ode 2 say about fate and man? It says that fate will ultimately cause pain and sorrow for man.. Describe the Theater of Dionysus. Outdoor amphitheater, semicircular football stadium, seats were carved on a hill, from was a rounded place called orchestra, and back was a platform where actors spoke lines.
What is the orchestra? Describe the role of the masks. Amplified the actors voice, stylized into familiar character types- distinguished between characters.
Who was allowed to act in the theater? To what important part of Greek culture was drama closely related? An old story, rooted in a particular society, that explains a belief, ritual, or some mysterious aspect of nature. Describe historical events, represent timeless philosophical and psychological truths, symbolic representations of important natural processes. What do all myths have in common? Represent reality and human condition, find them in all cultures, all use the same archetypes.
Define Archetype. Typical character with universal elements who appears in mythology in all cultures. Wine and fertility The Cult of Dionysis originated where?
Practices of emotional release From these practices, we derive what words? Humans would be tempted to act upon crude and base emotions and commit immoral crimes against the gods and humanity. What began to be the main outlet for such purgation? This Cult reached where and when? Athens, the mecca of Greek civilization, around BC. Then evolved into what we know now as theater. What happened in Athens between and BC? How did Sophocles change theater? Increased chorus from 12 to 15, used painted scenery, used 3 actors instead of 2.
Protagonist Admired,but flawed; confronted by hostile forces such as society, life rules, family, or fate; character often refuses to acquiesce to such forces and is forced to make important moral decisions.
What are most tragedies based on? Myth How many actors are there? She may have seduced him into turning against his father. This would mean that the beliefs and concerns of the people have no effect on governing of their own kingdom. The Second quote indicates that a leader need not to be right or fair in his judgement, but that he must be obeyed regardless.
These sentiments sound more akin of a tyrant or dictator. What are his tactics? What are his arguments? Haimon begins by flattering his father proclaiming loyalty to him. Then he gently attempts to convince his father to be more reasonable.
He explains that while Creon is certainly able to reason, it is also sensible to listen to others opinions who have ability to reason as well. He warns Creon that people in the kingdom disagree with him and his lack of flexibility could cause problems with those in the kingdom who have different ioinions.
He explains that it is sometimes necessary and the most reasonable thing to do is compromise. What information does Haimon provide to the king about the people and their opinions on the matter at hand? Who else in the play has suggested this to Creon? He says that the people feel that not only should Antigone not be punished, but that she should be praised for the courageous and selfless act.
He explains to Creon that no one will admit this because they fear his temper, like Antigone mentioned earlier. Explain the two metaphors Haimons uses to attempt to persuade his father to listen to his advice.
Why do you think Creon changes his mind about the fates of Ismene and Antugone at the end of the scene? Perhaps Haimon got through to him to some extent after all. If he locks her up and provides necessities, whatever happens is left up to the gods. What is the message of Ode 3? How is it similar to Ode 1? Love is not conquerable and even pure immortals can not conquer it. It is similar bc the first ode talks about how man can not escape death.
Why do you think this change has taken place? She is not quite as stoic and tough as she was and now she wants pity from the chorus for her dire situation. Perhaps the reality of the situation and impending doom is finally setting in. She may have believed that she might get out of this considering her position as princess and the support she has from the citizenry. To what other character from Greek mythology does she compare herself with?
Like Niobe, who lost her children and was turned into a stone statue, Antigone has lost her family and is to be imprisoned in stone. Niobe was also punished for being an arrogant braggart, a trait similar to Antigone. They point out that she acted freely knowing the consequence before hand. She has only herself to blame this time. What does Antigone have in common with the mythological characters alluded to in Ode 4? Characters are all imprisoned into stone, some wrongfully Danae, Cleopatra as Antigone will be.
There is another connection between Oedipus and Perseus who were fated to kill family patriarchs both of whom tried unsuccessfully to prevent the prophecy from occurring. In addition, there are connections with theme of blindness and stubborn oppressive rulers.
Why is it ironic that Teiresias is blind? He can figuratively see everything as prophets see the future but literally he can see nothing. Why is Creon indebted to Teiresias? It was Teiresias who revealed the truth of Oedipus about fulfillment of the prophecy, causing Oedipus to leave Thebes.
This eventually leads Creon to being on the throne as king. He refused to bury Polyneices as demanded by the gods and he has wrongfully imprisoned Antigone for doing her duty to the dead and gods.
He warns that he will pay corpse for corpse from his own family members for those he mistreated. What is the opinions of the Choragos regarding what Teiresias has said? The Choragos is an old man and in all his years he has never known Teiresias to be wrong and Creon had better take his advice immediately.
What does Creon decide by the end of the scene? He is finally frightened by possible wrath of the gods. He finally understands that he should not deny the laws of the gods. A hymn in praise of a god What god is being honored in the paean and why? Dionysis- Firstly, theatre originated in his cult so it is fitting that he should be referenced in a play. Secondly, he is the grandson of the founder of Thebes Cadmus therefore people of Thebes sort of see him as their patron god.
They ask for help, as they know Creon has incurred the wrath of the gods, Dionysis may be their only hope. What is an Exodus? The final, or exit scene, of the play. Happy people can suddenly experience tragedy and become unhappy and the unfortunate can always have change in fortune and become happy.
The messenger notes that regardless of wealth, power, and success, any man can be made unhappy. Such is the case with Creon. The messenger would rather be lowly but a happy messenger than being a king with unhappy fate. Explain the event of the deaths of Haimon and Antigone. Soon after, Creon enters and Haimon attempts to kill him by lunging at him with his sword. He misses and in his deep despair, turns the sword on himself.
As he dies, he pulls his dead bride into his arms. What happens to Eurydice? What do her final words indicate? She kills herself out of grief for her dead sons. She blames and curses Creon for the deaths of her sons. How does Creon react to all that has happened in the Exodus?
He finally recognizes his own hand in the matter. He blames himself for all the tragedy that has occurred and he now wished for his own death to escape from immense grief. Creon has been unwise and brought about his own unhappiness by defying the gods. He has been too prideful and stubborn and though he finally learned his lesson, he learned it too late. How does Creon fit the tragic hero definition?
Creon is born of nobility and is a well known Theban. He has a tragic flaw, his stubborn pride, which leads to his downfall. By the end of the story, he does recognize his flaw an that his flaw brought calamity upon himself.
Does Antigone fit the tragic hero description? Round Characters complex and multidimensional, like real people. Antigone, Creon Flat Characters one dimensional and superficial; they can be described in a single sentence.
Choragos, Ismene, Sentry Dynamic Characters change in an important way because of the stories action Creon Static Characters Do not change much or at all during the story Choragos Stock Characters Predictable or stereotypical characters that appear throughout literary works Sentry-Comic relief Tragic hero a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat: Oedipus, the classic tragic hero.
Broke the law and buried her brother Who is Antigones partner? Haimon Who is Haimon? Anarchists people trying to throw govt and women What is a metaphor? Tree and a sail will bend slowly and go back, compromise What is Antigone compared to? A mother bird comes back to stripped nest Who is Ismene? Antigones sister Who is getting buried? Polyneices What does Ismene do? Steps up and takes the blame for burying her brother What does Creon do and Ismene and Antigone?
Stone them to death for burying Polyneices Ismene didnt Creon decides to do what with Ismene? Let her go Creon decides to do what to Antigone? Change her death which is put her in tomb of stone, give her some food, and leave her there. Hopes your punishment equals mine to Creon.
To free Antigone and build a tomb for the body of Polyneices What do the birds represent? Choragos tells him to free Antigone and bury Polyneices What happened to Haimon? Killed his self in front of Creon? Who is the Queen? Eurydice What did Eurydice find out? Haimon killed his self Who is Megareus? Older son of Eurydice and Creon How did Megareus die? Buried the body What happened to Antigone? She killed herself with her son What did the Queen do before she killed herself?
Claimed Creon as a murderer for her two sons and cursed him What is the fate of the story? Negative force; karma What does Sophocoles always include in his stories?
A moral lesson Who is the author? Sophocles Comedy A less serious kind of drama than tragedy. Orchestra Circular, flat area located in front of the scene building on which the chorus of a Classical Greek play performed. What comes for the modern world scene scenery? Built into a hillside, first in wood and later in stone. Celebrates the courage and dignity of a tragic hero.
Tragic hero a character who possesses noble qualities but who also has a tragic flaw that bring his or her in a tragedy. What are the three main characteristics of a tragic hero? Not all good, not all bad. Comes from a position of power, and recognizes error in the end Plot series of events related to the central conflict, or struggle. Exposition Necessary information about the background of the characters and situation in a play. Info presented early in play and prepared the read to understand developing complications.
Rising action Series of events that lead to the climax of the story, usually the conflicts or struggles of the protagonist conflict Climax Turning point in the action of a play, or the point of greatest interest. Linear plot Involves rising and falling action Falling action Includes the elements of the plot in which the hero protagonist moves steadily toward the inevitable conclusion.
Resolution Conclusion of linear plot, the portion following the click where the action is brought to s close and any remaining plot details are resolved. Good guy Sophocles Author or Antigone. Wrote more than plays, only seven survived. False What does Antigone ask her sister to do? Help bury Polynecies What is the penalty for burying Polyneices?
Stoned to death Characters who have opposite or contrasting qualities are called foil characters. Gods laws What two things does Creon fear the most? Anarchists and women What two metaphors does Haimon use when trying to persuade his father to change? Tree and sail What is Choragos view on the conversation and why?
Both listen to each other, stay neutral What is Antigones fate now? In a tomb, enough food for a day Who does Antigone compare her fate to? Niobe, Tantalos daughter What does Antigone look forward to? Seeing her father, mother, and brother Polyneices not Etecoles Who is Dionysos? The God of win and fertility. What did Thespis do? Transformed these hymns into songs that honored Dionysos but also told the story of a famous hero or even another god What is a thespian? Refers to an actor or actress What is a catharsis?
Strangely pleasurable sense of emotional release we experience after watching a great tragedy What two emotions does tragedy around? Pity and fear What did Sophocles hope people would say about him? Burying Polyneices In the prologue, over what are Antigone and Ismene arguing? Polyneices Who killed Eteocles? Eteocles Who killed Polyneices? Creon Because both princes are dead, who is the new king?
Soliloquy A lengthy speech where the character is alone on stage Bury or pay respects to Polyneices In the end of his Scene I speech, what does the king command the town not to do? Someone has buried Polyneices What news does the Sentry report to Creon?
It was with a layer of dust What is strange about the way Polyneices was buried? Ismene What character is accused with Antigone? Haimon Antigone is engaged to marry which character? Ismene Who does King Creon decide to release from punishment at the end of scene three? Sealing her in a stone vault until she dies At the end of scene three, how does King Creon decide to punish Antigone? Former queen of Thebes punished by the gods for hubris Describe the story of Niobe.
Those being punished were imprisoned What do all stories in the footnotes of ode 4 have in common? Pride In line 35, Teiresias states that the only crime is what? He knew the brothers would kill each other Teiresias claims that he is the reason Creon became king. He will die What does Teiresias say will happen to King Creon? Choragos Who convinces Creon to set Antigone free? A song of praise, joy, and thanksgiving to Dionysis What is the purpose of the Paean? Choragos In the Exodos, who is the messenger speaking to?
Haimon committed suicide The messenger tells Choragos that someone is dead. Who is dead? How did he die? Commit suicide What is the fate of the queen? King Creon Who does Eurydice curse? Himself Who does Creon blame for the ultimate fates of those he loves? Why has he decided to make this proclamation?
Anyone who betrays the city will be killed and left to rot What is the difference of opinion between Antigone and Ismene? Antigone is brave and courageous and Ismene is weak and timid. What is Antigones tone while talking to ismene?
Greeks hated arogance creon king of thebes guard told creon the bad news in his speech what quality does creon compliment the men of thebes for possessing loyalty wants guards to be loyal to him and he is trying to butter them up. What is creon explanation for his decision not to bury polynieces? What do you think of his explanation? How does he do this and how does antigone respond?
Antigone said creon is a fool. Creon thinks woman arent brave and he thinks men should have authority what attitude does creon take toward antigone? What value of the greeks does creon expect and haimon exhibit?
Another word to describe her is heroine the term for a female hero. These function as the closing of a curtain would in modern theater, and they often provide commentary on the events that surround them. These can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging. In literature, disturbances in nature often signify disorder in the state. Creon has said that no one is to mourn for him or bury him. He is to be left in a field to rot and be fed on by animals. If anyone buries him they will be put to death.
Will you do what is right and stand by the family, or will you turn your back on us? We are only women,We cannot fight with men, Antigone! The law is strong, we must give in to the lawIn this thing, and in worse. And I think it is dangerousbusinessTo be always meddling. She is trying to tell her sister that there is no telling what Creon will do to them if they disobey. Ismene falls on the side of human law. It is the dead,Not the living, who make the longest demands;We die forever….
You may do as you like,Since apparently the laws of the gods mean nothing to you. Her crime is holy because the gods want her brother to be buried. She is determined to do the right thing and does not fear the consequence. They displeased him and paid for it. Note he alludes to the city being guided to this peace by the wisdom of the gods. Nevertheless, I say to you at the very outset that I have nothing but contempt for the kind of Governor who is afraid, for whatever reason, to follow the course that he knows is best for the State; and as for the man who sets private friendship above the public welfare, — I have no use for him either.
Subjects should likewise follow the decrees and laws made by their rulers. He is the antagonist and he is on the side of human law. This is the central conflict of the play. But who-ever shows by word and deed that he is on the side of the State, — he shall have my respect whilehe is living, and my reverence when he is dead.
Creon will respect him. Polyneices is not being given a burial because he went against Thebes. He is the traitor alluded to here. And no signOf dogs or any wild animal that had been there. How had he served them? Creon views this as a ridiculous idea. This shows his arrogance. He thinks he knows better than the gods. He compares her to a mother bird whose babies have been taken from her in an effort to show she acted out of love. But all your strength is weakness itself againstThe immortal unrecorded laws of God.
They are not merely now: they were, and shall be,Operative forever, beyond man utterly. Those laws are eternal. Who is the man here,She or I, if this crime goes unpunished? He also expresses that if he does not punish her — even though she is his niece — he will be perceived as a weak leader. Not only does he say she will be punished, he also plans to punish Ismene who did not help her. Huberis overweening pride which results in the misfortune of the protagonist; a tragic flaw that results from excessive pride, ambition, overconfidence, etc.
He started performing the actions on a stage instead of just narrating them. Explain how the three actors were able to play multiple roles p. They would just change their masks backstage What was the most important convention of the Greek stage p. Wearing masks with attached wigs Describe the setting of Greek tragedies place and time p. They r set outside and take place over the course of a single day. True or False: Scenery and props played a large part in Greek tragedy p.
Sing and dance lyric odes between scences What is the purpose of an ode? Neither because it did not take any emotional involvement in the play and can see both sides of the argument As the play opens, Antigone tells her sister, Ismene, that an edict has been placed over the city of Thebes. Haemon is supposed to marry Antigone, however, when Creon banishes Antigone to her death, Haemon runs off.
He is later found, dead by her side, after committing suicide for his lost love. Although he supposedly is the next in line to receive power to the throne, Eteocles takes over and banishes Polyneices from Thebes. Polyneices then gathers and army and attacks his brother. He ends up killing his brother, and being killed by his brother in battle. He takes over the throne when he is old enough, and banishes Polyneices from Thebes.
When Polyneices attacks Eteocles for the throne, Eteocles kills him, and is killed by same, simultaneously, in battle. Wikipedia, Antigone. Antigone Setting. The setting of this tragedy takes place in the city of Thebes. Oedipus, who was supposed to be the ruler of Thebes, was banished by Creon because he killed his father and married his brother. Antigone Plot Summary. Oedipus was banished from Thebes, when the prophecy of patricide and incest was proven true.
Oedipus left Thebes a blind and broken man. As time passed, and the two sons aged, Eteocles claimed the throne for himself, exiling his older brother Polyneices.
Polyneices then gathered a giant army and attacked Eteocles for the throne. Neither of the two sons won because they both ended up killing each other in battle. Her sister, Ismene, warns her against the dangers and consequences and states that she will not have any part in helping her sister with her scheme.
As guards brush the dirt off the body, she reveals herself willingly. Creon is enraged and imprisons both Antigone and Ismene, who he believes to be an accomplice. Creon ridicules Haemon for his ridiculous thoughts of freeing Antigone. Haemon then runs off, crushed that his father would treat his so badly.
Creon mocks Teiresias, but the chorus reminds Creon that the prophet has never been wrong. Creon then rushes to free Antigone, but it is too late, she is dead, and Haemon has killed himself for her. Creon is then lead away by the chorus, lamenting in his own self misery. BookRags, Antigone. Structure of Antigone. They claim that the gods rightfully punished such arrogant boasts and hatred between the two men, and that they really got what was genuinely coming to them.
Pages , Lines He then states that any person who tries to give the body a burial will be punished by death. He assigns men to guard the body to make sure no one touches it. However, a sandstorm blows dust around and Antigone performs the proper burial rights for her brother. A watchman then goes and tells Creon, who is enraged. They sing about how man is cunning and deceitful, and how justice will prevail among those who do wrong.
Ismene then shows up and states that she helped Antigone, but Antigone states that her sister did not help at all and that it was all her fault. Creon tells his men to lock the girls up and make sure they do not get away. Pages 28, Lines They sing about how such punishment will arise from such a little thing, the spreading of a thin layer of dust over the body of Polyneices.
The chorus then declares that there is no escape from imminent disaster. Creon claims that Haemon is blinded by love and must see that the law is more powerful. Creon then states that he is going to take Antigone to a cave and bury her alive so she can starve. Haemon then states the he is not going to be around Antigone when she is killed and runs off.
How love conquers all battles and how it prevails over everything. Then they weep over the fate of Antigone and how she will never be the bride of Haemon. Creon then states that he has no mercy, and leads her to her doom.
They then reflect upon how her brothers too, were of noble blood and how their deaths were so miserable.
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